Laminated material



DCC. l1, 1934. W. H. CHARCH ET AL I 1,983,520

LAMINATED MATERIAL Filed April y22, 1931 INVENTOR` A'TTORNEY l Patented Dec. 1l, 1934 uNl'l'EDl STATES PATENT OFFICE Kenmore, N. Y.. cellophane Company,

Delaware corporation of aligner! to 'Dn Pontl lne., New York, N. Y., a

Applloation April 22, 1931, Seflal N0. 531,95.

27Clalma.

This invention relates to a laminated material and more particularly to laminating metal foils to moistureproof materials.

Recently, there has been developed a new type 5 of moistureproof material which comprises a base, such as a sheet or nlm of regenerated cellulose, 4sheets or webs of paper, sheets or nlms of gelatin, sheets or nlms of cellulose derivatives, etc. combined, as by 'being impregnated and/or thinly coated on one or both sides, with a moistureproofing composition containing a minor portion of a wax. In one of its modincations, the moistureproonng composition comprises a cellulose derivative, a gum or resin, a wax with or without a plasticizer. In another modification, the moistureproonng composition comprises a synthetic resin and a wax while in a third form it comprises a Vdrying oil and a wax with or without a gum or resin.

In addition to possessing the moistureproof characteristic above mentioned, this material is non-tacky and preferably also transparent and -nexible. By virtue of these characteristics this material has attained extensive and widespread use as a wrapping material and is particularly t employed when it is desired to display the material wrapped and maintain the product, especially one which is susceptible to gain or loss in moisture, in its original condition.

Certain articles have been and still are wrapped in metal foils. l Metal foils in general, and spe- ,cincally aluminum foil, are moistureproof, .if they are in the perfect continuous state and are maintained in such condition.` However, metal lfoils due to their mode of production usually possess pin holes and as a result thereof the moistureproof enect is destroyed. Moreover, due to lack of nexibility,` moderate nexing of the foil generally results in ruptures, tears or creases which 40 also aid in destroying the moisture-proof property, i! present.

.While the lack of nexibility of metal foils is in many cases a limitation, for certain purposes it is an advantage. Forexample, a package of goods in which the component elements are separately removed and used one at a time requires a wrapping material which possesses sunicient rigidity, so that the remaining contents of the package can be kept in position by nexing the excess wrapping material over the open end. Metal foils admirably serve this purpose.

. We have found that the desirable characteristics of metal foils can be retained andthe material made moistureproof, irrespective oi' their mode of production-and use by securing, uniting or Joining metal foils with the aid of a thermoplastic substance, such as a waxy material, to moistureproof materials of the type above mentioned. i

It is therefore an object of this invention to Y 5 provide a laminated material comprising a moistureproof material of the type previously mentioned secured and united as by a thermoplastic substance, for example, a waxy material to inetal foil.

Another object of this invention is to provide a method of securing, uniting, joining or laminating metal foils to moistureproof materials, such as moistureproof sheets or films of regenerated cellulose.

A further object of vthis invention is to provide a method of securing, joining, uniting cr laminating metal foils to moistureproof materials, and particularly moistureproof sheets or nlms of regenerated cellulose, which comprises applying a zo thermoplastic substance, such as waxy materials in the fused state, to either one or both of the opposing surfaces of the materials, disposing the materials in superposed relationship and then causing the thermoplastic material to set.

Other objects will appear from the following description, appended claims and accompanying drawing forming a partr of this specincation and in which:

Figure 1 designates an enlarged cross-section 30 of the material produced according to this invention. v

Figure 2 diagrammatically illustrates one modincation of a method constituting this invention.

Figure 3 illustrates an enlarged cross-section 35 of a modification of the material illustrated in Figure l.

Figure 4 illustrates another enlarged cross-section o! a modincation of the material illustrated in Figure l. i

Figures 5 and 6 illustrate enlarged cross-sections of two additional modincations.

Referring to the drawing in which like reference numerals designate like parts, and particularly Figure l, the reference numeral 1 designates 45 a metal foil, such as commonly used for wrapping materials, secured or laminated to a moistureproof material 2 through the medium of an adhesive-functioning material 3.

'I'he lamina 2 may consist of any suitable .base 60 as, for example, a sheet or web of paper, a sheet or nlm of gelatin, a sheet or. nlm ofacellulose derivative, such as a sheet or nlm of cellulose acetate, and preferably a sheet or nlm of regenerated cellulose, combined with a moisture-proonng 55 composition containing a minor proportion of a waxy composition. In the preferred form the base is coated and/or impregnated with a composition comprising a cellulose derivative, a resin and a wax with or without a plasticizer. In another modication, the base my be coated and/or impregnated with a composition comprising as the essential ingredients a synthetic resin and a wax, while in a third form the base may be coated and/or impregnated with a composition comprising a drying oil and a wax with or without a gum or resin.

The adhesive-functioning material 3 is a thermoplastic substancewhich is capable of softening under heat and of recovering its original characteristics on cooling. Preferably, also, the thermoplastic material is of such a naturethat, after application and setting, it does not become hard and brittle.

As examples of thermoplastic materials which have been'satisfactorily employed for securing the two materials together may be mentioned waxes, such as parailln, beeswax, ceresin, or synthetic wax-like materials, such as hydrogenated oils, either alone or in combination with other waxy materials, such as wool grease, petroleum jelly, etc.

Referring to Figure 2 wherein one form of laminating the materials in accordance with the in.- vention is diagrammatically illustrated, the thermoplastic materials 3, such as parafn wax having a melting point of .about 135 to 140 F., is disposed in a heated jacketed receptacle 4 where it is melted. In the-fused condition the wax is applied to one surface of a. moistureproof material 2 supplied from any suitable source, such as a roll 2', bymeans of a roll 5 running, partly submerged, in the fused parain. The roll 5- may be provided with a suitable doctor blade (not shown) to regulate the quantity of wax applied. Alternately, the excess of the wax may be removed from the moistureproof material in any suitable manner, such as by squeegees or doctor knives (not shown).

After the desired amount of wax has been applied to the moistureproof material, the foil withdrawn from the roll 6 is positioned on the coated face'of the moistureproof material. The.

two materials are then passed through any suitable pressure means, such as calendervrolls '7,

. preferably heated, and finally wound by any suitable winding mechanism into a roll 8. The material on the roll may be subsequently slit or fabricated as desired. l l

The distance between the pressure means 7 and the winding mechanism forming the roll 8 is such that the thermoplastic material is permitted to cool and set prior to winding. If desired, auxiliary cooling means, such as nozzles 9, spraying a cold medium, for example chilled air, on one or both sides of the material may be used to expedite the setting of the thermoplastic substance. The setting may also be effectively accomplished by passing the laminated material over one or more suitably chilled rolls as, for example, hollow rolls through which a cooling medium, such as brine or water, circulates.

It is, of course, apparent that 'instead of applying the thermoplastic material to the moistureproof sheet or film of regenerated cellulose, it

may be applied to the metal foil or even to the opposing surfaces of both of the materials prior tor-the uniting thereof. It is also to be underystood that means for applying the thermoplastic substance other than that specifically described above may be employed. For instance, the fused Y thermoplastic substance may be applied by spraying or flowing'it on the desired material.

Moistureproof sheets or films of regenerated cellulose are similar to non-moistureproof sheets or films of regenerated cellulose in that they are susceptible, although at an exceedingly low rate, to changes in the moisture content depending upon the atmospheric conditions in which they are disposed. Gain or loss of moisture is accompanied by swe1ling or shrinking respectively. Thus, when two sheets of material having different rates of swelling and shrinkage are laminated, there is a tendency for the product upon vexposure to atmospheres of different humidities to wrinkle, curl or buckle in one way or the other depending upon the material which has the greater rate of change. Preshrunk sheets or films' of regenerated cellulose, either of the coated or non-coated variety forming one or more plies in alaminated material, exhibit an appreciable resistance to curling, buckling or wrinkling, upon exposure to atmospheres of different humidities, such as atmospheres of relatively dry humidity.

When the moistureproof material 2 comprises a sheet or film of regenerated cellulose, the application of the hot fused wax thereto, prior to lamination, serves to preshrink the regenerated cellulose, whereby the extremely desirable properties of the preshrunk sheets are secured.

The product above mentioned, and which results from the method above explained, consists of metal foil laminated to a moistureproof material, such as a moistureproof sheet or film of regenerated cellulose, moistureproof paper, moistureproof sheet or iilm of gelatin or moistureproof sheet or film of a cellulose derivative, such as cellulose ester or ether. In other words, the foil is provided with a moistureproof sheet or film on one face thereof. yIt is, of course, apparent that various modifications of this form may be made and such modiflcations'are contemplated by this invention. For instance, as illustrated in Figure 3, the foil 1 may be provided von both sides thereof with moistureproof materials, and the various lamin secured and united together throughthe medium of the thermoplastic substance 3. Similarly, as shown in Figure 4, the moistureproof sheet or film 2 may be sandwiched between two layers of metal vfoil l1.

To produce these modifications the apparatus diagrammatically illustrated in Figure 2 may be modified so that the thermoplastic substance is applied to both sides of the material forming the inner ply of the product. Alternatively, the thermoplastic substance may be applied to the inner surfaces of the exterior plies and the inner ply led therebetween and finished as described.

The invention contemplates the laminationof' sheets of foil and sheets of moistureproof materials of the same size by exactly superposing one on the other as described above and also by staggering one with respect to the other to produce a product as shown in Figure 5. It further contemplates the lamination of strips of foil in spaced relationship on a sheet of moistureproof material. For example, strips of foil 1 may besecured to a moistureproof sheet or film 2 as illustrated in Figure 6. If desired, the strips of foil 1 or the moistureproof material` 2 may; extend beyond the side edges of the other. In connection with the form of material illustrated in Figure 6, it is -to be understood that the precise.

,number of strips of material is not essential to Ythe successful practice of the invention, since any number may be used.

'I'he appewance of the product may be mate- Iria1ly enhanced by decorating, as by printing, painting, stippling, embossing or'the like, the

foil 1 and/or employing variously colored or decorated moistureproof sheets or films of lregenerated cellulose. l

'I'he above products are moistureproof to an .10 exceedingly high degree and they may be used to wrap? materials which are extremely sensitive to change in moisture content. The products, when viewed fromthe surface having the transparent. moistureproof sheet or nlm thereon, have a brilliant metallic luster. 'Ihey also possess the des'ired rigidity of the foil. if for any reason the foil per 'se is or becomes non-moistureproof, it

is of no material consequence. The moistureproof material secured thereto suppliesthe moiszo tureproof characteristics to the product. This moistureproof property is retained even upon bending or nexing of the product. Thus, the

product may be described as "permanently mois-A tureproof. l 2s To obtain optimum results, when the product -is employed as a wrapper, it is desirable to effectively and securely seal the ends thereof. With this in view, the ends ofthe package may bedipped into molten wax to insure an effective 30 closure. Similar results may be obtained by inserting in the ends of the package discs, preferably of any suitable material, such as paperboard impregnated with wax or the like, conforming to the cross-section of the package, and applying heat and preferably also pressure to the ends of said package. A very satisfactoryA seal 'between the end folds of the wrapper and the discs is thus obtained. K

Since it is obvious'that various modincations 40 and changes may be made in the specinc details described, this invention is not restricted thereto except as set forth in the appended claims.

We claim: y 1. A flexible, non-greasy and substantially permanently moistureproof laminated wrapping material comprising a plurality of plies including a sheet or nlm of metal foil secured by a waxy substance to a moistureproof material consisting of a base coated on both sides thereof. with a composition ,containing a minor 'proportionof wax.

2. A flexible, non-greasy and substantially permanently moistureproof laminated wrapping ma- Aterial comprising a plurality of plies including a sheet or nlm of metal foil secured by parailin wax to a moistureproof material consisting of `a base coated on both sides thereof with a composition'v containing a minor proportion of wax. '3.' A nexible, non-greasy and substantially permanently moistureproof 'laminated wrapping material comprising a plurality of plies including a sheet or nlm of metal foil secured by a waxy substance to a' transparent, moistureproof sheet or nlm of regenerated cellulose. y

4. A flexible, non-greasy and substantially permanently moistureproof laminated wrapping material comprising a plurality of plies including a sheet or nlm of metal foil secured by paranin wax to a transparent, moistureproof sheet or nlm 70 of regenerated cellulose. Y

5. A flexible, non-greasy and substantially permanently moistureproof laminated wrapping material comprising a plurality of plies'including a sheet or nlm of metal foil secured by a waxy sub- ?5 stanceto a moistureproof material consisting of a base coated on both sides thereof with a composition comprising a cellulose derivative, a resin and a wax.

6. A nexible, non-greasy and substantially permanently moistureproof laminated wrapping material comprising a plurality of plies including a sheet or nlm of metal foil secured by paratlin sheet or nlm oi' metal foil secured by a waxy substance to a moistureproof material consisting of a base coated on both sidesthereof with a composition comprising a cellulose derivative, a resin,

a wax and a plasticizer.

8. A nexible, non-greasy and substantially permanently moistureproof laminated wrapping material comprising a plurality of plies including a sheet or nlm of metal foil secured by paranin wax to a moistureproof material consisting of a base coated on both sides thereof with a composition comprising a cellulose derivative, a resin, a wax and a plasticizer.

. 9. A nexible, non-greasy and substantially permanently moistureproof laminated wrapping material comprising a plurality of plies including a sheet or nlm ofA metalfoil secured by a waxy substance to a moistureproof material consisting of a sheet of paper coated on both sides thereof with a composition containing a minor proportion of wax.

10. A flexible, non-greasy and substantially permanently moistureproof laminated wrapping material comprising a plurality of plies including a sheet or nlm of metal foil secured by paraffin wax to a moistureproof material consisting of a sheet of paper coated on both sides thereof with a composition containing a minor proportion of wax.t

11. A flexible, non-greasy and substantially permanently moistureproof laminated wrapping material comprising a plurality of plies including a sheet or nlm of metal foil secured by a waxy substance to a moistureproof material consisting of a sheet of paper coated on both sides thereof with a composition comprisingv a cellulose derivative, a resin and a wax.

12. A flexible, non-greasy and substantially permanently moistureproof laminated wrapping material comprising a plurality of plies including a sheet or nlm of metal foil secured by paramn wax to a moistureproof material consisting of a sheet of paper coated on both sides thereof with a composition comprising a cellulose derivative, a

resin and a wax.

13. A flexible, non-greasy and substantially permanently moistureproof laminated wrapping material comprising a plurality of plies including ,a sheet or nlm of metal foil secured by a waxy substance to a moistureproof material consisting of a sheet of paper coated on both sides thereof with a composition comprising a cellulose derivative, a resin, a wax and a plasticizer.

14. A nexible. non-greasy vand substantially 'permanently moistureproof laminated 'wrapping material comprising a plurality of plies including a sheet or nim of metal foil secured by parafiln wax to a moistureproof material consisting of a sheet oi' paper coated on both sides theneof with a compodtion comprising a cellulose derivative, a resin', a wax and a plasticizer.

rial consisting of a l cellulose coated on both sides thereof with a composition containing a minor proportion of wax.

16. A flexible, non-greasy and substantially permanently moistureproof laminated wrapping material comprising a plurality of plies includingv Va. sheet or nlm of metal foil secured by paranin wax to a transparent, moistureproof material consisting of a sheet or nlm of regenerated cellulose coated on both sides thereof with `a composition containing a minor proportion of wax.

17. A flexible, non-greasy and substantially permanently moistureproof laminated wrapping material comprising a plurality of plies including a sheet or nlm of metal coil secured by a waxy substance to a transparent moistureproof material consisting of a sheet or nlm of regenerated cellulose coated on both sides thereof with a composition comprising a cellulose derivative, a resin 18. A flexible, non-greasy and substantially permanently moistureproof laminated wrapping material comprising a pluralityof plies including a sheet or film of metal foil secured by paramn wax to a transparent, moistureproof material consisting of a sheet or nlm ofregenerated cellulose coated on both sides thereof with a com,

position comprising a cellulose derivative, a resin and a wax. t

19. A nexible, non-greasy and substantially permanently moistureproof laminated wrapping material comprising a plurality of plies including a sheet or nlm of metal foil secured by a waxy substance to a transparent, moistureproof material consisting of a sheet or film of regenerated cellulose coated on both sides thereof with a composition comprising a cellulose derivative, a resin, a wax and a plasticizer.

20. A nexible, non-greasy and substantially permanently moistureproof. laminated wrapping material comprising a plurality of plies including a sheet or nlm of metal foil secured by paraflin wax to a transparent moistureproof material consisting of a sheet or nlm of regenerated cellulose coated on both sides thereof with a composition comprising a cellulose derivative, a resin, a wax and a plasticizer.

21. A -nexible, non-greasy and substantiallypermanently moistureproof laminated wrapping material comprising a plurality of plies including a sheet or nlm of metal foil secured by paraflln wax to a transparent moistureproof sheet or nlm of regenerated cellulose, said sheet or nlm of regenerated cellulose being in a shrunken state.

22. A flexible, .non-greasy and substantially permanently moistureproof laminated wrapping material comprising a plurality of plies including a sheet or nlm of metal foil secured by a waxy substance to a transparent moistureproof mate,

rial consisting of a sheet or nlm of regenerated cellulose coated on both sides thereof with a composition containing a minor proportion of wax, said sheet or nlm of regenerated cellulose belnE in the shrunken state.

23. A nexible, non-greasyl and substantially permanently moistureproof laminated wrapping material comprising a plurality of -plies including a sheet or nlm of metal foil secured by paranln wax to a transparent moistureproof material con-- sisting of a sheet or nlm of regenerated cellulose coated on both sides thereof with a composition containing ya minor proportion of wax, said sheet or film of regenerated cellulose being in the shrunken state.

24,' A Aflexible, non-greasy and substantially permanently moistureproof laminated wrapping material comprising a plurality of plies including a sheet or nlm of metal foil secured by a waxy substance to a transparent, moistureproof material consisting of a sheet or film of regenerated cellulose coated on both sides thereof with a cumposition comprising a cellulose derivative, a resin Y and a wax, said sheet or nlm of regenerated cellulose `being in the shrunken state. 'l

25. A nexible, non-greasy and substantially permanently moistureproof laminated wrapping material comprising a plurality of plies including a sheet or film of metal foil secured. by paranin wax to a transparent, moistureproof material con sisting of a sheet or nlm of regenerated cellulose coated on both sides thereof with a composition comprising a cellulose derivative, a resin and a wax, said sheet or nlm of regenerated cellulose being in the shrunken state.

26. A flexible, non-greasy and substantially permanently moistureproof laminated wrapping material comprising a plurality of plies including a sheet or nlm of metal foil secured by a' waxy substance to a transparent moisture'proof material consisting of a sheet orfnlm of regenerated cellulose coated on both sides thereof with a composition Jcomprising a cellulose derivative, a4

resin, a wax andaplasticizer, `said sheet or nlm of regenerated cellulose being in the shrunken state.

27. A `nexible, non-greasy and substantially permanently moistureproof laminated wrapping material comprising a plurality of plies including a sheetor nlm o f metal foil secured by parailin wax 'to a transparent, moistureproof material consisting of a sheet or nlm of regenerated cellulose coatedon both sides thereof'with a composition comprising a cellulose derivative, a resin,

a wax and a plasticizer, said sheet or nlm of rethe shrimken state.

THERON G. FINZEL.

generated cellulose being in WILLIAM 

